****************************************************************************************************************
**																											  **
** This do file is part of the replication material for the following article: 								  **
**  "Is There an Ideological Asymmetry in the Incumbency Effect? Evidence from U.S. Congressional Elections." **
** 		Authors: Morisi, Davide, Jost, John, Panagopoulos, Costas, and Jussi Valtonen		    			  **
** 		Journal: Social Psychological and Personality Science																		  **
**																											  **
** This file replicates the following step of the analysis: 												  **
**																											  **
**		LABELS FOR MERGED DATASET 					   													  	  **
**																											  **
****************************************************************************************************************


*Labels
label de racer 1"White" 2"Black" 3"Hispanic" 99"Other", modify
label values racer racer

label de relig 1"protestant" 2"roman catholic" 3"other religion" 4"atheist" 5"agnostic" 6"none", modify
label val religpewr relig

*pid profile
label var pid7prof "Party identification profile"
label de pid7 1"Strong Democrat" 2"Not strong Dem." 3"Lean Democrat" 4"Independent" 5"Lean Republican" 6"Not strong Rep." 7"Strong Republican", modify
label val pid7prof pid7
label val pid6prof pid7
label var pid3prof "Party identification profile (recode of pid7), leaners included"
label de pid3 1"Democrat" 2"Republican" 3"Independent", modify
label val pid3prof pid3
label var pid2prof "Party identification profile (recode of pid7), leaners included"
label de pid2 1"Democrat" 2"Republican", modify
label val pid2prof pid2
label var leaners_prof "Dem/Rep leaners profile"
label de leaners 0"not leaners" 1"leaners"
label val leaners_prof leaners

*pid post election
label var pid5post "Party identification post election"
label de pid5 1"Democrat" 2"Lean Dem." 3"Independent" 4"Lean Rep." 5"Republican"
label val pid5post pid5
label var pid3post "Party identification post election (recode of pid5), leaners included"
label val pid3post pid3
label var pid2post "Party identification post election (recode of pid5), leaners included"
label val pid2post pid2
label var leaners_post "Dem/Rep leaners post election"
label val leaners_post leaners

*ideo profile
label var ideo5prof "Ideology profile"
label de ideo5 1"very liberal" 2"liberal" 3"moderate" 4"conservative" 5"very conservative", modify
label val ideo5prof ideo5
label var ideo3prof "Ideology profile (recode of ideo5prof)"
label de ideo3 1"Liberal" 2"Conservative" 3"Moderate", modify
label val ideo3prof ideo3
label var ideo2prof "Ideology profile (recode of ideo5prof)"
label de ideo2 1"Liberal" 2"Conservative", modify
label val ideo2prof ideo2
label var ideostr_prof "Strength of ideology profile (recode of ideo5prof)"
label de ideostr 0"moderate" 1"lib/con" 2"very lib/very con", modify
label val ideostr_prof ideostr

*ideo pre
label var ideo7pre "Ideology pre election"
label de ideo7 1"very liberal" 2"liberal" 3"somewhat liberal" 4"moderate" 5"somewhat conservative" 6"conservative" 7"very conservative", modify
label val ideo7pre ideo7
label val ideo6pre ideo7
label var ideo3pre "Ideology pre election (recoding of ideo7pre)"
label val ideo3pre ideo3
label var ideo2pre "Ideology pre election (recoding of ideo7pre)"
label val ideo2pre ideo2
label var ideostr_pre "Strength of ideology pre-election (recode of ideo7pre)"
label de ideostr_pre 0"moderate" 1"somewhat lib/con" 2"lib/con" 3"very lib/con", modify
label val ideostr_pre ideostr_pre

*incumbent
label de incumb 0"not incumbent" 1"incumbent", modify
label values SenCand1Incumbent_postr incumb
label values SenCand2Incumbent_postr incumb
label val HouseCand1Incumbent_postr incumb
label val HouseCand2Incumbent_postr incumb

*candidates' party
label var SenCand1Party_postr "Party of candidate 1 - Senate"
label var SenCand2Party_postr "Party of candidate 2 - Senate"
label de partycand 1"dem. candidate" 2"rep. candidate" 3"other candidate", modify
label val SenCand1Party_postr partycand
label val SenCand2Party_postr partycand
label var HouseCand1Party_postr "Party of candidate 1 - House"
label var HouseCand2Party_postr "Party of candidate 2 - House"
label val HouseCand1Party_postr partycand
label val HouseCand2Party_postr partycand

*rep vs dem incumbent
label var inc_rep_sen "Dem/Rep incumbent - Senate"
label de inc_rep 0"dem inc (rep not inc)" 1"rep inc (dem not inc)", modify
label val inc_rep_sen inc_rep
label var inc_rep_hou "Dem/Rep incumbent - House"
label val inc_rep_hou inc_rep
*including districts with no dem/rep incumbents
label var inc_all_sen "Seats with Dem+Rep candidates by incumbent - Senate"
label de inc_all_sen -1"dem inc (rep not inc)" 0"no inc." 1"rep inc (dem not inc)", modify
label val inc_all_sen inc_all_sen
label var inc_all_sen_filter "Seats with Dem+Rep candidates by incumbent - Senate (filtered)"
label val inc_all_sen_filter inc_all_sen
label var inc_all_hou "Seats with Dem+Rep candidates by incumbent - House"
label val inc_all_hou inc_all_sen
label var inc_all_hou_filter "Seats with Dem+Rep candidates by incumbent - House (filtered)"
label val inc_all_hou_filter inc_all_sen

*filter
label de filter_sen 1"senate vote correct" 2"open seats/not elections" 3"wrong coding", modify
label val filter_sen filter_sen
label val filter_sen1 filter_sen
label de filter_hou 1"house vote correct" 2"open seats/not elections/wrong coding", modify
label val filter_hou filter_hou

*vote + incumbent status, all options - SENATE
label var votinc_sen_all "Voted for dem/rep by incumbent status - SENATE"
label de votinc_sen_all 0"did not vote" 10"vote dem, dem inc"  11"vote dem, no inc"  12"vote dem, rep inc" ///
20"vote rep, dem inc"  21"vote rep, no inc"  22"vote rep, rep inc" 
label val votinc_sen_all votinc_sen_all
*vote + incumbent status, all options - HOUSE
label var votinc_hou_all "Voted for dem/rep by incumbent status - HOUSE"
label val votinc_hou_all votinc_sen_all

****NEW VAR FROM ADDITIONAL DATASET - HOUSE ONLY
*incumbent house, additional data
rename inc inc_hou_new
label var inc_hou_new "Incumbent house - additional data"
label de inc_hou_new ///
0 "Republican incumbent" ///
1 "Democratic incumbent" ///
2 "Open seat held by Democrats" /// 
3 "Open seat held by Republicas"  	///
4 "Open seat, new (reapportioned)"  	 ///
5 "Two incumbents, opposite parties (redistricting)" ///
6 "Two Democratic incumbents" ///
7 "Two Republican incumbents"	 ///
8 "Democratic incumbent, challenger is Democrat"	///
9 "Republican incumbent, challenger is Republican"	///
10 "Two Republicans, open seat" ///
11 "Two Democrats, open seat"
label val inc_hou_new inc_hou_new

rename inc_previous inc_hou_pre
label var inc_hou_pre "Incumbent house - additional data - PREVIOUS ELECTION"
label val inc_hou_pre inc_hou_new

rename inc_post inc_hou_post
label var inc_hou_post "Incumbent house - additional data - POST ELECTION"
label val inc_hou_post inc_hou_new

*result
label var pwin "Result House district"
recode pwin 0=2
label de pwin 1"Democrat won" 2"Republican won" 9"3rd party/independent won"
label val pwin pwin

label var dv "Democrat’s share of two-party vote"
label var dvp "Democrat’s share of two-party vote, previous election"

*freshmen
label var fr "Freshman? House"
label de fr 0"not freshman" ///
1"freshman elected previous general election" ///
2"freshman elected in special election more than 1 year earlier" ///
3"freshmen elected in a special election during this election year" ///
9"seat not defended by major party incumbent"
label val fr fr

*district features
label var po1 "Feature of House district 1"
label de po1 0"challenger has not held elective office" ///
1 "challenger has held elective office" ///
2 "only Democratic candidate for open seat has held office" ///
3 "only Republican candidate for open seat has held office" 	 ///
4 "both candidates for open seat have held office" ///
5 "no challenger" ///
6 "no Democrat candidate (open)" ///
7 "no Republican candidate (open)"  	
label val po1 po1

label var po1_previous "Feature of House district 1 - previous election"
label val po1_previous po1
label var po1_post "Feature of House district 1 - post election"
label val po1_post po1

label var po2 "Feature of House district 2"
label de po2 0"Nothing special" ///
1 "At Large or multi-candidate race"	 ///
2 "unopposed" ///
3 "incumbent switched parties since last election" ///
4 "challenger was state legislator" ///
5 "only Democrat was state legislator (open seat)" ///
6 "only Republican was state legislator (open seat)"   ///	
7 "both candidates for open seat were state legislators" ///
8 "challenger is former U.S. Representative" ///
9 "odd race, third party; in general, DO NOT USE"
label val po2 po2

label var po2_previous "Feature of House district 2 - previous election"
label val po2_previous po1
label var po2_post "Feature of House district 2 - post election"
label val po2_post po1

label var redist "Redistricting?"
label de redist 0"district not redrawn" 1"district redrawn since last election"
label val redist redist

label var dexp "Democrat’s expenditures"
label var rexp "Republican’s expenditures"
label var dpres "Democrat’s share of major party presidential vote"



















